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   volumes: [pgdata:\u002Fvar\u002Flib\u002Fpostgresql\u002Fdata]\n    healthcheck:\n      test: [\"CMD-SHELL\", \"pg_isready -U app\"]\n      interval: 10s\n      timeout: 5s\n      retries: 5\nvolumes: { pgdata: null }\nnetworks: { frontend: null, backend: { internal: true } }\nsecrets: { db_password: { file: .\u002Fsecrets\u002Fdb_password.txt } }\n```\n```\n\n## 网络与安全隔离\n\n将数据库等内部服务放入 internal 网络，不对外暴露端口。敏感凭证通过 secrets 机制挂载，避免硬编码进镜像。\n\n| 配置项 | 开发环境 | 生产环境 | 推荐值 |\n|--------|---------|---------|--------|\n| restart | no | unless-stopped | 生产必开 |\n| healthcheck | 可选 | 必须 | 30s间隔\u002F3次重试 |\n| resource limits | 无 | 必须 | CPU 2C\u002F内存 2G |\n| logging driver | 默认 | json-file | max-size 10m |\n| network mode | bridge | 分frontend\u002Fbackend | internal隔离DB |\n\n## 最佳实践\n\n使用多阶段构建减小镜像体积，结合 .dockerignore 排除无关文件，定期清理悬空镜像和卷。","本文深入讲解 Docker Compose 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