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SIGTERM → preStop → terminationGracePeriodSeconds 超时强制杀。\n\n```yaml\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata: { name: web-app-pod, labels: { app: web } }\nspec:\n  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60\n  shareProcessNamespace: true\n  serviceAccountName: web-sa\n  initContainers:\n    - name: wait-for-db\n      image: bitnami\u002Fpostgresql:16\n      command: [\"\u002Fbin\u002Fsh\", \"-c\", \"until pg_isready -h postgres -p 5432 -U app; do echo wait; sleep 3; done;\"]\n    - name: migrate-db\n      image: registry.example.com\u002Fapp:${APP_VERSION}\n      command: [\"alembic\", \"upgrade\", \"head\"]\n      envFrom: [{ configMapRef: { name: web-config } }]\n      volumeMounts: [{ name: app-secret, mountPath: \u002Frun\u002Fsecrets, readOnly: true }]\n    - name: fetch-assets\n      image: amazon\u002Faws-cli\n      command: [\"aws\", \"s3\", \"sync\", \"s3:\u002F\u002Fapp-assets\u002Fstatic\u002F\", \"\u002Fvar\u002Fwww\u002Fstatic\u002F\", \"--delete\"]\n      volumeMounts: [{ name: static-assets, mountPath: \u002Fvar\u002Fwww\u002Fstatic }]\n  containers:\n    - name: app\n      image: registry.example.com\u002Fapp:${APP_VERSION}\n      ports: [{ containerPort: 8000, name: http }]\n      lifecycle:\n        postStart: { exec: { command: [\"\u002Fbin\u002Fsh\", \"-c\", \"echo started >> \u002Fvar\u002Flog\u002Fapp\u002Fboot.log\"] } }\n        preStop:\n          exec: { command: [\"\u002Fbin\u002Fsh\", \"-c\", \"sleep 5; kill -SIGTERM 1; while pidof app >\u002Fdev\u002Fnull; do sleep 1; done;\"] }\n      readinessProbe: { httpGet: { path: \u002Fhealth\u002Fready, port: http }, initialDelaySeconds: 3, periodSeconds: 5 }\n      livenessProbe: { httpGet: { path: \u002Fhealth\u002Flive, port: http }, initialDelaySeconds: 15, periodSeconds: 20, failureThreshold: 3 }\n      startupProbe: { httpGet: { path: \u002Fhealth\u002Fstarted, port: http }, periodSeconds: 5, failureThreshold: 30 }\n      resources:\n        requests: { cpu: 100m, memory: 256Mi }\n        limits:   { cpu: 1000m, memory: 1Gi }\n      volumeMounts:\n        - { name: static-assets, mountPath: \u002Fapp\u002Fstatic, readOnly: true }\n        - { name: app-logs, mountPath: \u002Fvar\u002Flog\u002Fapp }\n    - name: envoy-sidecar\n      image: envoyproxy\u002Fenvoy:v1.30\n      lifecycle:\n        preStop: { exec: { command: [\"\u002Fbin\u002Fsh\", \"-c\", \"curl -X POST http:\u002F\u002Flocalhost:15000\u002Fhealthcheck\u002Ffail; sleep 10;\"] } }\n    - name: fluentbit-sidecar\n      image: fluent\u002Ffluent-bit:3.0\n      volumeMounts: [{ name: app-logs, mountPath: \u002Fvar\u002Flog\u002Fapp, readOnly: true }]\n  volumes:\n    - { name: static-assets, emptyDir: {} }\n    - { name: app-logs, emptyDir: {} }\n    - { name: app-secret, secret: { secretName: web-secret } }\n```\n```\n\n## Init 容器与 Sidecar 模式\n\nInit Containers 按顺序逐一执行，成功后主容器才启动。适合做数据库等待、数据迁移、静态资源拉取。Sidecar 和主容器共享网络\u002F卷，提供主容器无侵入的代理（istio\u002Fenvoy）、日志收集（fluentbit）。\n\n| 容器类型 | 启动时机 | 与主容器关系 | 用途示例 |\n|---------|---------|-------------|---------|\n| Init Container | 主容器之前串行 | 成功一次即可退出 | 等待DB、数据迁移 |\n| Sidecar 容器 | 与主容器并行 | 同生命周期同退 | Service Mesh代理 |\n| Sidecar 容器 | 与主容器并行 | 生命周期相同 | 日志收集fluentbit |\n| Main App 容器 | Init完成后 | 业务主进程 | Web服务API |\n| Ephemeral 容器 | 任意时刻debug注入 | 临时 | 调试故障Pod |\n\n## 最佳实践\n\n永远配 startupProbe 给冷启动慢的应用，preStop 里睡几秒等待 service 摘掉端点再终止，避免流量进来时进程已死掉。readiness 判断数据库依赖，不要启动就 ready。","详细拆解 Kubernetes Pod 从 Pending 到 Terminated 的完整状态机、PostStart\u002FPreStop 钩子执行时机、Init Container 前置依赖保证、Sidecar 容器模式（istio-proxy、日志收集），以及优雅终止零停机配置。",{"id":6,"username":185,"nickname":185,"avatar":13,"cover_image":13,"bio":13,"website":13,"github":13,"avatar_source":13,"resolved_avatar_url":13,"title":13,"created_at":186},"Choyeon","2026-09-30T18:09:53.330367Z",{"id":6,"name":61,"slug":63,"description":67,"icon":69,"color":70,"cover_image":13,"created_at":71,"post_count":132},[189,195,201,207],{"id":190,"name":191,"slug":192,"color":193,"icon":13,"is_active":15,"created_at":194,"post_count":132},9,"Docker","docker","#2496ed","2026-09-30T18:09:53.688173Z",{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"color":199,"icon":13,"is_active":15,"created_at":200,"post_count":132},16,"安全","security","#14b8a6","2026-09-30T18:09:53.709991Z",{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"color":205,"icon":13,"is_active":15,"created_at":206,"post_count":132},23,"Kubernetes","kubernetes","#326ce5","2026-09-30T18:09:53.729296Z",{"id":208,"name":209,"slug":210,"color":211,"icon":13,"is_active":15,"created_at":212,"post_count":132},24,"Linux","linux","#fcc624","2026-09-30T18:09:53.731844Z","published","public",231,"Kubernetes,Docker,Linux,安全","2026-09-09T00:09:53.733462Z","2026-10-01T04:54:47.711541Z"]